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The system in theory was each individual ITV franchise would sell its own airtime, including Channel 4 in their areas, which meant many stations were able to charge high prices of slots. Over the course of the 1980s an increase in competition from cable and satellite systems and even Channel 4 from January 1993, began a decrease in advertisement revenue for many ITV stations. In 1989, two ITV companies, Central Independent Television and Anglia Television, became the first to have a joint sales team via a single organisations to deal with advertising, which allowed for reduced operational costs while offering a larger number of potential customers. By 1992, areas with "sales house" were reported in having the best areas for advertising revenue.〔Crisis on 30-second street: The backroom boys who sell TV airtime Bell, Emily The Observer (1901- 2003); 6 September 1992〕 From January to July 1993, the remaining ITV companies (Scottish Television, HTV, Grampian and Westcountry as well as S4C) which were not initially part of "sales house" created their own joint operations to help improve their sales operations, before moving to other more established sales groups within ITV. ==Television Sales and Marketing Services Ltd== In 1989,〔Central Independent Television plc. The Times, Thursday, 23 March 1989; pg. 37〕〔http://www.wildscreen.org.uk/about-trustees〕 Central Independent Television sales managing director, Dick Emery,〔http://www.wildscreen.org.uk/about-trustees〕 and Anglia Television sales managing director, Tim Wooton, established ''Television Sales and Marketing Services Ltd'' (TSMS), the first joint venture (sales house) which provided airtime sales and programme sponsorships. The company was created to deal with contracting advertising sales for the two companies and to provide better resources to overcome the problems and reduce costs.〔http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/news/17178/〕 In 1991, TSMS acquired the airtime sales operation of Ulster Television and Border Television. Dick Emery then left the company to join the board of ITN as its first commercial director. In September 1992 the advertising share and revenue of Central (5%) and Anglia (1.4%) both increased, which drew praise from the advertising sector and companies.〔Crisis on 30-second street: The backroom boys who sell TV airtime ...Bell, Emily The Observer (1901-2003); 6 September 1992;〕 In July 1993, a new joint advertising company, Merlin, was created by Meridian Broadcasting, HTV, Westcountry Television, Channel Television, and S4C, mainly run by Meridian and HTV. In March 1994, Anglia acquired Central's 43% stake and Tim Wooton's 14% stake in the company to take full control of operations. Central left the company and moved over to Carlton Communications's sales house operations,〔Too much reward without risk. The Times, Friday, 4 March 1994; pg. 25〕 while TSMS merged with Merlin. In October 1994, TSMS took over the responsibility of Scottish Television's and Grampian Television's sale operations.〔Scottish Television shares slide after profit warning.Sarah Bagnall. The Times, Tuesday, 11 October 1994〕 TSMS acted as consultant to international broadcasters such as BBC Select, Nederland 1 in the Netherlands.〔http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/central-independent-television-history/〕 In January 1997, Tim Wooton become chief executive of TSMS, before leaving the company to join ZenithOptimedia, a media buying agency, in April 1997.〔http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/news/17178/〕 On certain occasions the sales house did not deliver on improved growth, in early 1997, HTV reported reduced profits, compared to the year before. It entered into a new contract with TSMS, with penalties if it did not meet its goal in raising HTV's share.〔Airtime sales fall hits HTV shares. Eric Reguly. The Times, Thursday, 6 March 1997; pg. 27〕 In 2000, Granada Media bought out United News & Media (owners of TSMS) and it was merged with Laser Sales on 1 October 2000. HTV, Grampian TV, Scottish TV and Westcountry Television left the company to join up with Carlton's sales house. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ITV Advertising operations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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